Block 1 例题 Examples

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2026/05/27 16:47:21 CST

• Lecture 1 Introduction & Role of Project Manager
• Lecture 2 Project Scope & Schedule Management
• Lecture 3 Project Cost & Resource Management
• Lecture 4 Communications & Risk Management

Lecture 1 Introduction & Role of Project Manager

PROBLEM L1-E1

成本效益分析 Cost-Benefit Analysis

某项目的折现后数据如下：

• 总项目成本现值 Present value of project cost: 847,434
• 总项目收益现值 Present value of project benefit: 694,965

求收益成本比 和净收益，并判断项目是否值得推进。

SOLUTION

收益成本比：

净收益：

因此：

• 净收益为负

该项目的折现收益低于折现成本，从财务角度看不值得继续推进。

Lecture 2 Project Scope & Schedule Management

PROBLEM L2-E1

三点估算 Three-Point Estimating

John 管理一个项目，最可能完成时间为 15 周。最好情况可缩短 2 周，悲观情况会延长 5 周。求三角分布估算、Beta 分布估算和标准差。

SOLUTION

三个估计值为：

三角分布：

Beta 分布：

标准差：

PROBLEM L2-E2

关键路径 Critical Path Method

已知活动与持续时间：

Activity	Duration	Predecessor
A	4	-
B	5	F
C	8	H
D	5	-
E	10	D
F	9	A, D
G	5	E, F
H	3	G

求关键路径和关键路径持续时间。

SOLUTION

全部路径中最长的是：

持续时间：

因此关键路径为：

关键路径持续时间为：

PROBLEM Q1

Carmen 准备交付 Tesla Gigafactory 项目委托的 case study。交付前，她安排会议向 steering committee 和 sponsor 说明成果、回答问题，并取得正式确认，确认该 case study 满足期望。她正在执行哪个过程？

Which process is she performing?

A. Deliverables AcceptanceB. Accept DeliverablesC. Close Project or PhaseD. Validate Scope

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: D. Validate Scope

关键词是 official confirmation 和 meets expectations。Validate Scope 的核心就是由客户或 sponsor 对已完成可交付成果进行正式验收。

PROBLEM Q2

软件项目经理正在收集需求并建立项目估算。这里对应哪个过程组？

A software project manager is collecting requirements and establishing estimates. Which process group is this?

A. PlanningB. ExecutingC. InitiatingD. Monitoring and Controlling

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: A. Planning

收集需求、估算活动持续时间和成本都属于规划阶段的典型工作。

PROBLEM Q3

关于 WBS，以下哪项最正确？

Which statement about the WBS is most correct?

A. WBS stands for Work Breakdown StatementB. The WBS includes 100 percent of the work of the projectC. Any work not included in the WBS is out of scopeD. B & C

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: D. B & C

WBS 使用 100% rule：项目范围内的全部工作都应包含在 WBS 中；不在 WBS 中的工作通常视为范围外工作。A 错在 WBS 是 Work Breakdown Structure。

PROBLEM Q4

Project Schedule Management 的过程顺序是？

Which is the full and correctly ordered list of processes in Project Schedule Management?

A. Define Activities, Sequence Activities, Estimate Activity Durations, Develop Schedule, Control ScheduleB. Define Activities, Estimate Activity Durations, Develop Schedule, Control ScheduleC. Plan Schedule Management, Define Activities, Sequence Activities, Estimate Activity Durations, Develop Schedule, Control ScheduleD. Control Schedule, Sequence Activities, Estimate Activity Durations, Define Activities, Plan Schedule Management, Develop Schedule

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: C

顺序为：

PROBLEM Q5

关于 Resource optimization，以下哪项正确？

Which statement about resource optimization is true?

A. It is an input to Estimate Activity DurationB. It is a tool and technique within Develop Schedule, used to adjust resource load levelsC. It is a tool and technique within Estimate Activity DurationsD. It is a tool and technique within Plan Schedule Management

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: B

Resource optimization 是 Develop Schedule 的工具与技术，用于根据资源约束调整进度模型，例如 resource leveling 和 resource smoothing。

Lecture 3 Project Cost & Resource Management

PROBLEM L3-E1

挣值分析 Earned Value Analysis

已知：

• Budget at Completion: $100M
• Planned Value: $29M
• Earned Value: $26M
• Actual Cost: $30.5M

求 SV, CV, SPI, CPI，并判断成本和进度状态。

SOLUTION

进度偏差：

成本偏差：

进度绩效指数：

成本绩效指数：

因此：

• , ：进度落后 Behind schedule
• , ：成本超支 Over budget

PROBLEM Q1

Interoperable Systems Corp 正在为新项目估算成本。Funding limits 将基于这些估算设置，如果估算过低，会造成严重延误和管理压力。哪种估算最合适？

What type of estimating is most appropriate?

A. Three-point estimating because it considers optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely costsB. Parametric estimating because nearly 20 percent of project cost is fencingC. Bottom-up estimating, because this will be most thoroughD. Top-down estimating because estimates need to align with funding limits

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: C. Bottom-up estimating

题目强调估算不能过低、后果严重，因此需要最详细、最可靠的估算。Bottom-up estimating 从工作包逐层汇总，精度通常最高。

PROBLEM Q2

以下哪项准确描述 Cost baseline？

Which statement accurately describes the cost baseline?

A. It is compared against plan to calculate cost variances and CPIB. It is an output of Determine Budget, subject to formal change control, and does not include management reservesC. It is an input to Determine BudgetD. It includes contingency and management reserves

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: B

Cost baseline 是 Determine Budget 的输出，纳入正式变更控制。它包含 contingency reserve，但不包含 management reserve。

PROBLEM Q3

Cost Management Knowledge Area 的正确过程列表是？

Which is the correct process list in Cost Management?

A. Estimate Costs; Create Budget; Control CostsB. Plan Cost Management, Estimate Costs, Determine Budget, Minimize CostsC. Plan Cost Management, Estimate Costs, Secure Funding, Minimize CostsD. Plan Cost Management, Estimate Costs, Determine Budget, Control Costs

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: D

项目成本管理包括：

PROBLEM Q4

某 server refresh 项目实际成本为 $675,000，已完成工作的预算成本为 $525,000。CPI 是多少？

The project incurred costs of $675,000, while the work completed was expected to cost $525,000. What is CPI?

A. 0.778B. 1.29C. 0.286D. \$150,000

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: A. 0.778

，说明成本效率低，项目超支。

PROBLEM Q5

项目经理报告 且 。这说明什么？

What does and tell us?

A. Trading controls need to be tightenedB. The project is over budgetC. The project is ahead of scheduleD. The project is under budget and behind schedule

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: D

表示成本表现好，under budget； 表示进度落后，behind schedule。

PROBLEM Q6

项目在哪个阶段成本最高？

At which stage does a project have maximum cost?

A. Initial stageB. Middle stageC. Final stageD. Cost is same at all stages

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: B. Middle stage

典型项目生命周期中，成本和人员投入在开始阶段较低，中期最高，收尾阶段下降。

PROBLEM Q7

项目 under budget but behind schedule。为了把项目拉回计划，应使用哪项工具或技术？

The project is under budget and behind schedule. Which tool/technique can bring it back to plan?

A. Earned value managementB. Reserve analysisC. Variance analysisD. Crashing

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: D. Crashing

Crashing 通过增加资源缩短关键路径活动时间。题目说 under budget，说明还有成本空间可用于赶工。

PROBLEM Q8

Acquire Resources 使用哪些工具与技术？

Which tools and techniques are used in Acquire Resources?

A. Advertise, offer, and hireB. Beg, borrow and stealC. Pre-assignment, Decision making, CollocationD. Pre-assignment, Decision making, Virtual Teams

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: D

Acquire Resources 的工具与技术包括 decision making, interpersonal and team skills, pre-assignment, virtual teams。Colocation 属于 Develop Team。

PROBLEM Q9

项目处于执行阶段，你要追踪谁负责执行任务。哪个文件提供这些信息？

Which plan/document shows who is responsible for executing tasks?

A. Resource Management PlanB. Resource histogramsC. Responsibility assignment matrixD. Talk to the team

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: C. Responsibility assignment matrix

RAM 显示工作包和资源/角色之间的责任对应关系，RACI 是常见形式。

Lecture 4 Communications & Risk Management

PROBLEM L4-E1

决策树与 EMV Decision Tree Analysis

两个方案如下：

方案	情景	概率	收入	投资成本
新建工厂	强需求	60%	$200M	$120M
新建工厂	弱需求	40%	$90M	$120M
升级工厂	强需求	60%	$120M	$50M
升级工厂	弱需求	40%	$60M	$50M

求两个方案的 EMV，并选择更优方案。

SOLUTION

新建工厂：

升级工厂：

升级工厂 EMV 更高，且弱需求时仍为正收益，因此选择升级工厂。

PROBLEM Q1

以下哪项是 communications model 的最基本组成？

Which are the most fundamental components of the communications model?

A. Sender, Receiver, Medium and interferenceB. Sender, Receiver, FeedbackC. Sender, Message, Medium and noiseD. Sender, Receiver, Message

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: D. Sender, Receiver, Message

最小通信模型至少需要发送者、接收者和消息。Medium, noise, feedback 是完整模型中的重要组成，但题目问 most fundamental。

PROBLEM Q2

以下哪项准确描述 communications medium？

Which item accurately describes a communications medium?

A. The email system usedB. The moderator of a SharePoint siteC. The air surrounding the sender and receiverD. The average round trip delay of the message

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: A

Medium 是消息传递的渠道或媒介，例如 email system, meeting, report, portal。

PROBLEM Q3

Pull communication 最适合什么？

Pull communication is best for what?

A. Distributing information to many, in an efficient wayB. Puts version control at greater riskC. Is most appropriate for small amounts of informationD. Is most appropriate for low numbers of communication channels

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: A

Pull communication 适合大量信息或大量受众，由接收者按需访问，例如知识库、intranet、在线资料库。

PROBLEM Q4

Project reporting 属于什么？

Project reporting:

A. Is a tool or technique within Manage CommunicationsB. Is an output of Manage CommunicationsC. Is an output of Monitor CommunicationsD. Is a tool or technique within Monitor Communications

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: A

Project reporting 是 Manage Communications 的工具与技术，用于收集和发布项目信息。

PROBLEM Q5

6 名团队成员向项目经理汇报。共有多少沟通渠道？

Six team members report to a project manager. How many communication channels are there?

A. 24B. 21C. 15D. 18

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: B. 21

总人数为 7：

PROBLEM Q6

原团队有 6 名成员，下一阶段新增 3 人、离开 2 人。由于这些变化，需要新增多少沟通渠道？

A team has 6 members. Three more members are added and two current members leave. How many new communication channels are added?

A. 21B. 7C. 5D. No changes are needed

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: B. 7

原来总人数为项目经理 + 6 = 7：

变化后团队成员为 7 人，总人数为项目经理 + 7 = 8：

新增渠道：

PROBLEM Q7

Manage Communications 的输出可能包括什么？

Outputs from Manage Communications might include what?

A. Change requestsB. Expert judgmentC. MeetingsD. Project document updates, including updates to issue log

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: D

Manage Communications 的输出包括 project communications, project management plan updates, project documents updates, organizational process assets updates。

PROBLEM Q8

确保项目信息及时、适当收集、创建、分发、存储、检索、管理、监控和最终处置的过程是？

The process of ensuring timely and appropriate collection, creation, distribution, storage, retrieval, management, monitoring, and ultimate disposition of project information is:

A. Plan Communication ManagementB. Manage CommunicationsC. Monitor CommunicationsD. Manage Stakeholder Engagement

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: B. Manage Communications

这是 Manage Communications 的定义句。

PROBLEM Q9

以下哪项准确描述 Probability and Impact Matrix？

Which statement accurately describes a Probability and Impact Matrix?

A. It is used in Perform Quantitative Risk AnalysisB. It compares risks by largest EMV impactC. It helps identify risks with high probability and impact for prioritizationD. It is best for cumulative probability curves of complex systems

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: C

Probability and Impact Matrix 属于定性风险分析，用概率和影响组合来给风险排序。B 的 EMV 属于定量分析。

PROBLEM Q10

项目测试需要昂贵的 Direct-Attached Storage Device。楼上冲床振动可能损坏设备。以下哪项是 risk mitigation？

Which option is risk mitigation?

A. Ask the punch press operator to notify you before operation so you can shut down the deviceB. Mount the storage device in a rack with elastic mounts for vibration isolationC. Purchase a service contract so the device is replaced if damagedD. Cross your fingers and hope

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: B

Mitigation 是降低风险发生概率或影响。弹性安装架直接降低振动影响。C 更接近 transfer，D 是 passive accept。

PROBLEM Q11

风险可以从哪里发现？

Risks can be found where?

A. Cost estimates with wide rangesB. Task durations with wide rangesC. Positive side-effects that may not be immediately apparentD. All of the above

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: D

风险可以是负面威胁，也可以是正面机会；成本和工期估算区间很宽也说明不确定性较高。

PROBLEM Q12

Task G 的成本分布为：80% 概率 2000 Swiss Francs，15% 概率 3500 Swiss Francs，5% 概率 8200 Swiss Francs。求成本 EMV。

What is the EMV of the cost for Task G?

A. 4567 US DollarsB. 2535 US DollarsC. 4567 Swiss FrancsD. 2535 Swiss Francs

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: D. 2535 Swiss Francs

单位仍为 Swiss Francs。

PROBLEM Q13

SWOT 是什么？

SWOT is which of the following?

A. Silver Whisker Optimization TechniqueB. A tool or technique used in identifying risksC. A structured way of ranking risksD. A graphic view of relative probabilities

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: B

SWOT 分析 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats，可用于识别风险。

PROBLEM Q14

作为 EPC 公司项目经理，你已经初步识别所有风险，并按类别排列。下一步应该做什么？

You identified all risks initially and arranged them by category. What should you do next?

A. Plan Risk responsesB. Monitor the identified risksC. Send RBS for experts' opinionD. Find the probabilities and impacts of each risk

SOLUTION

答案 Answer: D

识别并分类之后，下一步通常进入定性风险分析：评估每个风险的 probability 和 impact，再进行优先级排序。